Red eyes, or bloodshot eyes, occur when the small blood vessels on the surface of the eye become enlarged and congested with blood, causing the whites of the eyes (sclera) to appear red or pink. This condition can result from a variety of causes, ranging from mild to severe. Common causes include eye strain from prolonged screen use, lack of sleep, or exposure to irritants such as smoke, dust, or chlorine in swimming pools. Allergies, which trigger inflammation and swelling in the eyes, can also lead to redness. Infections like conjunctivitis (pink eye), which can be viral, bacterial, or allergic, are another frequent cause of red eyes and are often accompanied by itching, discharge, or discomfort. More serious conditions, such as uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye) or glaucoma (a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve), can also cause redness and require prompt medical attention.
Treatment for red eyes depends on the underlying cause. For minor irritation or strain, resting the eyes, using lubricating eye drops, and avoiding exposure to irritants can provide relief. For allergies, antihistamine eye drops or oral medications can help reduce redness and itching. In cases of infection, appropriate treatment-such as antibiotic eye drops for bacterial conjunctivitis may be needed. For more serious conditions like uveitis or glaucoma, a thorough evaluation by an eye care professional is essential, and treatment may involve prescription medications to reduce inflammation or lower intraocular pressure. Seeking medical advice is important if red eyes persist, worsen, or are accompanied by pain, vision changes, or discharge.
